前言
在生产环境中有时候会出现由于网络或者人为删除等原因，导致主库的archivelog文件还没有传到备库，产生gaps。那么我们有没有办法不重建备库来恢复dataguard环境那？答案是当然的，oraclem6米乐安卓版下载官网的oracle data guard concepts and administration文档中记录着在这种情况下，您可以使用rman的增量备份前滚物理备用数据库。下面我们就来演练一下
环境准备
准备两台已经配置好dataguard环境的虚拟机
| 主机名 | ip地址 | 操作系统 | 数据库版本 | sid |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11g-primary | 192.168.17.91 | centos 7.9 | oracle 11.2.0.4 | orcl |
| 11g-standby | 192.168.17.92 | centos 7.9 | oracle 11.2.0.4 | orcldg |
主库
[oracle@11g-primary ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 22:56:11 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> archive log list
database log mode archive mode
automatic archival enabled
archive destination /arch/
oldest online log sequence 85
next log sequence to archive 87
current log sequence 87
sql> select database_role,protection_mode,open_mode from v$database;
database_role protection_mode open_mode
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
primary maximum performance read write
sql> select count(1) from sunying.t;
count(1)
----------
1280000
sql>
备库
disconnected from oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
[oracle@11g-standby ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 22:57:06 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> archive log list
database log mode archive mode
automatic archival enabled
archive destination /arch/
oldest online log sequence 85
next log sequence to archive 0
current log sequence 87
sql> select database_role,protection_mode,open_mode from v$database;
database_role protection_mode open_mode
---------------- -------------------- --------------------
physical standby maximum performance read only with apply
sql> select count(1) from sunying.t;
count(1)
----------
1280000
sql>
模拟主库丢失归档的情况
--在主库操作
sql> set linesize 200
sql> select * from v$log;
group# thread# sequence# bytes blocksize members arc status first_change# first_time next_change# next_time
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------- ------------ -------------------
1 1 85 52428800 512 1 yes inactive 907056 2023-12-23 22:54:47 907128 2023-12-23 22:54:50
2 1 86 52428800 512 1 yes inactive 907128 2023-12-23 22:54:50 907209 2023-12-23 22:54:53
3 1 87 52428800 512 1 no current 907209 2023-12-23 22:54:53 2.8147e 14
sql> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'defer';
system altered.
sql> insert into sunying.t select * from sunying.t;
1280000 rows created.
sql> commit;
commit complete.
sql> select count(1) from sunying.t;
count(1)
----------
2560000
sql> alter system switch logfile;
system altered.
sql> /
system altered.
sql> /
system altered.
sql> !
[oracle@11g-primary ~]$ cd /arch
[oracle@11g-primary arch]$ ll
total 1008684
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 45707264 dec 23 20:18 1_71_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 40260608 dec 23 20:21 1_72_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 43447296 dec 23 20:23 1_73_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 40251392 dec 23 20:24 1_74_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 41733120 dec 23 20:25 1_75_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 22571520 dec 23 20:56 1_76_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 dec 23 20:58 1_77_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 dec 23 20:58 1_78_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_79_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_80_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_81_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 49025536 dec 23 22:54 1_82_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_83_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46798848 dec 23 22:54 1_84_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_85_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 22:54 1_86_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 23:03 1_87_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 23:03 1_88_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48705536 dec 23 23:03 1_89_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46833664 dec 23 23:03 1_90_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 23:03 1_91_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46794240 dec 23 23:03 1_92_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 46833664 dec 23 23:03 1_93_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 47984128 dec 23 23:03 1_94_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 44584960 dec 23 23:03 1_95_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 116736 dec 23 23:04 1_96_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 38400 dec 23 23:04 1_97_1156360815.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 dec 23 23:04 1_98_1156360815.dbf
[oracle@11g-primary arch]$ rm 1_9*.dbf
[oracle@11g-primary arch]$ exit
exit
sql> delete from sunying.t where rownum<10000;
9999 rows deleted.
sql> commit;
commit complete.
sql> alter system switch logfile;
system altered.
sql> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = 'enable';
system altered.
sql>
--备库操作
[oracle@11g-standby ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcldg/orcldg/trace/
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ tail -f alert_orcldg.log
mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/standby02.log
rfs[2]: selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 87 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
archived log entry 11 added for thread 1 sequence 86 id 0x6461b6ef dest 1:
media recovery waiting for thread 1 sequence 87 (in transit)
recovery of online redo log: thread 1 group 4 seq 87 reading mem 0
mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/standby01.log
sat dec 23 23:03:14 2023
archived log entry 12 added for thread 1 sequence 87 id 0x6461b6ef dest 1:
sat dec 23 23:03:14 2023
media recovery waiting for thread 1 sequence 88
sat dec 23 23:10:16 2023
fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 88-88
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:10:16 2023
rfs[4]: assigned to rfs process 82281
rfs[4]: opened log for thread 1 sequence 99 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
sat dec 23 23:10:16 2023
rfs[5]: assigned to rfs process 82285
rfs[5]: opened log for thread 1 sequence 88 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
sat dec 23 23:10:16 2023
rfs[6]: assigned to rfs process 82287
rfs[6]: opened log for thread 1 sequence 89 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
archived log entry 13 added for thread 1 sequence 99 rlc 1156360815 id 0x6461b6ef dest 2:
archived log entry 14 added for thread 1 sequence 88 rlc 1156360815 id 0x6461b6ef dest 2:
archived log entry 15 added for thread 1 sequence 89 rlc 1156360815 id 0x6461b6ef dest 2:
media recovery log /arch/1_88_1156360815.dbf
media recovery log /arch/1_89_1156360815.dbf
media recovery waiting for thread 1 sequence 90
fetching gap sequence in thread 1, gap sequence 90-98
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
rfs[6]: selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 100 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
sat dec 23 23:10:18 2023
archived log entry 16 added for thread 1 sequence 100 id 0x6461b6ef dest 1:
sat dec 23 23:10:18 2023
primary database is in maximum performance mode
rfs[7]: assigned to rfs process 82295
rfs[7]: selected log 4 for thread 1 sequence 101 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:10:29 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:10:39 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:10:49 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:10:59 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:09 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:19 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:29 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:39 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:49 2023
fal[client]: error fetching gap sequence, no fal server specified
sat dec 23 23:11:59 2023
fal[client]: failed to request gap sequence
gap - thread 1 sequence 90-98
dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
fal[client]: all defined fal servers have been attempted.
------------------------------------------------------------
check that the control_file_record_keep_time initialization
parameter is defined to a value that's sufficiently large
enough to maintain adequate log switch information to resolve
archivelog gaps.
------------------------------------------------------------
^c
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 23:13:26 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> select * from v$archive_gap;
thread# low_sequence# high_sequence#
---------- ------------- --------------
1 90 98
sql>
恢复dataguard
通过rman增量备份来恢复
停止redo应用备库
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 23:18:55 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
database altered.
sql>
查询备库当前scn
sql> select current_scn from v$database;
current_scn
-----------
908139
sql>
rman增量备份
主库做rman的增量备份，注意scn号就是备库当前scn号
[oracle@11g-primary ~]$ rman target /
recovery manager: release 11.2.0.4.0 - production on sat dec 23 23:26:42 2023
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connected to target database: orcl (dbid=1684141551)
rman> backup incremental from scn 908139 database format '/tmp/forstandby_%u' tag 'forstandby';
starting backup at 2023-12-23 23:30:01
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: sid=199 device type=disk
channel ora_disk_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ora_disk_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ora_disk_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-12-23 23:30:01
channel ora_disk_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-12-23 23:30:04
piece handle=/tmp/forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1 tag=forstandby comment=none
channel ora_disk_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ora_disk_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ora_disk_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
channel ora_disk_1: starting piece 1 at 2023-12-23 23:30:05
channel ora_disk_1: finished piece 1 at 2023-12-23 23:30:06
piece handle=/tmp/forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1 tag=forstandby comment=none
channel ora_disk_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
finished backup at 2023-12-23 23:30:06
rman> exit
recovery manager complete.
[oracle@11g-primary ~]$
复制备份文件到备库
[oracle@11g-primary ~]$ cd /tmp
[oracle@11g-primary tmp]$ ll forstandby*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 133521408 dec 23 23:30 forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 10092544 dec 23 23:30 forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1
[oracle@11g-primary tmp]$ scp forstandby* 192.168.17.92:/tmp
oracle@192.168.17.92's password:
forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1 100% 127mb 165.7mb/s 00:00
forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1 100% 9856kb 160.0mb/s 00:00
[oracle@11g-primary tmp]$
备库rman从增量恢复
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ rman target /
recovery manager: release 11.2.0.4.0 - production on sat dec 23 23:36:25 2023
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connected to target database: orcl (dbid=1684141551)
rman> startup force nomount;
oracle instance started
total system global area 1653518336 bytes
fixed size 2253784 bytes
variable size 1023413288 bytes
database buffers 620756992 bytes
redo buffers 7094272 bytes
rman> restore standby controlfile from '/tmp/forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1';
starting restore at 2023-12-23 23:44:14
allocated channel: ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: sid=63 device type=disk
channel ora_disk_1: restoring control file
channel ora_disk_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcldg/control02.ctl
finished restore at 2023-12-23 23:44:15
rman> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ora_disk_1
rman> catalog start with '/tmp/forstandby';
starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2023-12-23 23:44:45
allocated channel: ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: sid=8 device type=disk
finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2023-12-23 23:44:46
starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2023-12-23 23:44:46
using channel ora_disk_1
finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2023-12-23 23:44:46
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
searching for all files that match the pattern /tmp/forstandby
list of files unknown to the database
=====================================
file name: /tmp/forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1
file name: /tmp/forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1
do you really want to catalog the above files (enter yes or no)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
list of cataloged files
=======================
file name: /tmp/forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1
file name: /tmp/forstandby_0d2epp7s_1_1
rman> recover database noredo;
starting recover at 2023-12-23 23:45:10
using channel ora_disk_1
channel ora_disk_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore
channel ora_disk_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
destination for restore of datafile 00001: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/system01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00002: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/sysaux01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/undotbs01.dbf
destination for restore of datafile 00004: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/users01.dbf
channel ora_disk_1: reading from backup piece /tmp/forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1
channel ora_disk_1: piece handle=/tmp/forstandby_0c2epp7p_1_1 tag=forstandby
channel ora_disk_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ora_disk_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
finished recover at 2023-12-23 23:45:12
rman> exit
recovery manager complete.
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$
启动mrp进程应用日志
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 23:46:35 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
database altered.
sql> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
database altered.
sql> alter database open read only;
database altered.
sql> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
database altered.
sql>
验证恢复正常
主库
查询操作后的表记录
[oracle@11g-primary tmp]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sat dec 23 23:48:58 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> select count(1) from sunying.t;
count(1)
----------
2550001
sql>
备库
查询对应主库表记录，和gaps记录
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*plus: release 11.2.0.4.0 production on sun dec 24 00:02:04 2023
米乐app官网下载 copyright (c) 1982, 2013, oracle. all rights reserved.
connected to:
oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit production
with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options
sql> select count(1) from sunying.t;
count(1)
----------
2550001
sql> select * from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected
sql>
查询备库告警文件，dataguard环境恢复正常
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$ tail -100f alert_orcldg.log
sat dec 23 23:44:26 2023
arc1 started with pid=23, os id=85471
sat dec 23 23:44:26 2023
arc2 started with pid=24, os id=85475
sat dec 23 23:44:26 2023
arc3 started with pid=25, os id=85479
arc1: archival started
arc2: archival started
arc1: becoming the 'no fal' arch
arc2: becoming the heartbeat arch
arc2: becoming the active heartbeat arch
completed: alter database mount
arc3: archival started
arc0: starting arch processes complete
sat dec 23 23:44:45 2023
using standby_archive_dest parameter default value as /arch/
sat dec 23 23:44:45 2023
srl log 4 needs clearing because log has not been created
srl log 5 needs clearing because log has not been created
rfs[1]: assigned to rfs process 85526
rfs[1]: selected log 6 for thread 1 sequence 101 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
sat dec 23 23:44:45 2023
archived log entry 1 added for thread 1 sequence 101 id 0x6461b6ef dest 1:
sat dec 23 23:44:45 2023
primary database is in maximum performance mode
srl log 4 needs clearing because log has not been created
srl log 5 needs clearing because log has not been created
rfs[2]: assigned to rfs process 85541
rfs[2]: selected log 6 for thread 1 sequence 102 dbid 1684141551 branch 1156360815
sat dec 23 23:45:11 2023
incremental restore complete of datafile 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/users01.dbf
checkpoint is 910448
incremental restore complete of datafile 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/sysaux01.dbf
checkpoint is 910448
incremental restore complete of datafile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/system01.dbf
checkpoint is 910448
incremental restore complete of datafile 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/undotbs01.dbf
checkpoint is 910448
sat dec 23 23:46:52 2023
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
attempt to start background managed standby recovery process (orcldg)
sat dec 23 23:46:52 2023
mrp0 started with pid=20, os id=85721
mrp0: background managed standby recovery process started (orcldg)
started logmerger process
sat dec 23 23:46:57 2023
managed standby recovery starting real time apply
parallel media recovery started with 4 slaves
waiting for all non-current orls to be archived...
all non-current orls have been archived.
media recovery log /arch/1_101_1156360815.dbf
media recovery waiting for thread 1 sequence 102 (in transit)
recovery of online redo log: thread 1 group 6 seq 102 reading mem 0
mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/standby03.log
completed: alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
sat dec 23 23:48:11 2023
alter database recover managed standby database cancel
sat dec 23 23:48:11 2023
mrp0: background media recovery cancelled with status 16037
errors in file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcldg/orcldg/trace/orcldg_pr00_85731.trc:
ora-16037: user requested cancel of managed recovery operation
managed standby recovery not using real time apply
recovery interrupted!
recovered data files to a consistent state at change 911586
sat dec 23 23:48:11 2023
mrp0: background media recovery process shutdown (orcldg)
managed standby recovery canceled (orcldg)
completed: alter database recover managed standby database cancel
alter database open read only
audit_trail initialization parameter is changed to os, as db is not compatible for database opened with read-only access
sat dec 23 23:48:18 2023
smon: enabling cache recovery
dictionary check beginning
dictionary check complete
database characterset is zhs16gbk
no resource manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
physical standby database opened for read only access.
completed: alter database open read only
sat dec 23 23:48:18 2023
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 20480 mb is 0.00% used. this is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or asm diskgroup.
sat dec 23 23:48:23 2023
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
attempt to start background managed standby recovery process (orcldg)
sat dec 23 23:48:23 2023
mrp0 started with pid=20, os id=85867
mrp0: background managed standby recovery process started (orcldg)
started logmerger process
sat dec 23 23:48:28 2023
managed standby recovery starting real time apply
parallel media recovery started with 4 slaves
waiting for all non-current orls to be archived...
all non-current orls have been archived.
media recovery waiting for thread 1 sequence 102 (in transit)
recovery of online redo log: thread 1 group 6 seq 102 reading mem 0
mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcldg/standby03.log
completed: alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
^c
[oracle@11g-standby trace]$
至此已经完成一个主库丢失archivelog文件使用rman增量恢复备库dataguard的全过程。希望给各位小伙伴们一点帮助😄
最后修改时间：2023-12-25 10:48:09
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